Purpose
Using a styrofoam cup we will measure the number of calories involved in a physical change (ionization) and a chemical change. Based on temperature changes we will identify exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Proceedure
Materials needed: thermometer, styrofoam cup, graduated cylinder, beaker, distilled water and chemicals.
Safety equipment: MSDS sheets, goggles, apron, rubber gloves.
Record all beginning and final temperatures
- Read the MSDS sheets.
- Add 4 grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to 98 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
- Add 8.3 milliliters of concentrated (12 M) HCl to 92 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
- Cool the warmest solution from part 2 (NaOH) and 3 (HCl) to the temperature of the cooler solution. Record the temperatures and then put the two solutions together. Make observations.
- Add approximately 5.35 grams of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to 98 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
Data and ConclusionShow all data and percent error for ammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide. Show and label all ionization and chemical equations.
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Proceedure
Materials needed: thermometer, styrofoam cup, graduated cylinder, beaker, distilled water and chemicals.
Safety equipment: MSDS sheets, goggles, apron, rubber gloves.
Record all beginning and final temperatures
- Read the MSDS sheets.
- Add 4 grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to 98 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
- Add 8.3 milliliters of concentrated (12 M) HCl to 92 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
- Cool the warmest solution from part 2 (NaOH) and 3 (HCl) to the temperature of the cooler solution. Record the temperatures and then put the two solutions together. Make observations.
- Add approximately 5.35 grams of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to 98 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
Data and ConclusionShow all data and percent error for ammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide. Show and label all ionization and chemical equations.
Back to top
Record all beginning and final temperatures
- Read the MSDS sheets.
- Add 4 grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to 98 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
- Add 8.3 milliliters of concentrated (12 M) HCl to 92 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
- Cool the warmest solution from part 2 (NaOH) and 3 (HCl) to the temperature of the cooler solution. Record the temperatures and then put the two solutions together. Make observations.
- Add approximately 5.35 grams of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to 98 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
- Read the MSDS sheets.
- Add 4 grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to 98 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
- Add 8.3 milliliters of concentrated (12 M) HCl to 92 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
- Cool the warmest solution from part 2 (NaOH) and 3 (HCl) to the temperature of the cooler solution. Record the temperatures and then put the two solutions together. Make observations.
- Add approximately 5.35 grams of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to 98 milliliters of water that is approximately 20oC.
Data and ConclusionShow all data and percent error for ammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide. Show and label all ionization and chemical equations.
Back to top